5 thoughts on “wholesale jewelry blanks for engraving How many categories are jade? What "species" is most valuable?”
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stainless steel biker jewelry wholesale e bay From the perspective of Western gem culture, there are two types of jade and hardness. The jade is usually refers to nephrite. It is one of the most common jewelry. The narrow sense refers to Hetian jade, including more than ten kinds of nephrite such as Xiuyan jade, Nanyang jade, Jiuquan jade. Many nephrite has a long history, such as Xiuyan jade. Sweet jade only refers to emerald. This sayings are the jade we are talking about today. It not only includes Hetian jade, emerald, but also chalcedony, Xiuyan jade, Nanyang jade, crystal, agate, amber, coral, turquoise, green, green Jinshi, Huang Longyu and other traditional jade. Modern mineral science divides jade into two categories: rough jade and nephrite. Sweet jade is emerald, and nephrite mainly refers to the Hetian jade of Xinjiang. This is the definition of "jade" in the narrow sense. The most valuable: Sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade! The best glass species. This "species" refers to the degree of transparency of jade, and the more transparent the price is much more expensive, such as the glass species (the same transparency as the glass) is better than the ice species (the transparent ice has been seen. The one who is not very clear) should be a higher level, and the worst species is generally called porcelain bottom (it can be said that there is no transparency). 1, emerald: In ancient China, "Emerald" was originally the name of the birds. Its feathers are beautiful. Generally, the male bird is called "emerald", and the female green is called "kingfisher". In ancient times, women's jewelry made with emerald feathers collages. The names of the jewelry made are "Cui", such as fine green and Zhu Cui. Because hard jade is a very beautiful jade, as time goes forward, people represent the beautiful jade named jade, that is, the polycrystalline collection that is mainly composed of ligament, green pyroxyl and sodium chromatoplastin is called emerald. It's right. 2, nephrite: Steel jade is mainly a collection of minerals composed of penetrating flashes -yang stone series minerals. It also contains minerals such as travexy, green mud, snake -patterned stones, square lipsticks, graphite and magnetite. There are many people in the world's nephrite, but the number of nephrite in Hetian County, Xinjiang, China has the longest history and the best quality. It is famous for its famous Chinese and foreign countries. Therefore, Hetian jade is now synonymous. Has the meaning of origin. The biggest feature of nephrite is delicate texture, moisturizing, soft, uniform color, smooth as fat, slightly transparent, tough and not easy to break. On the polishing side (jade), a obvious structure of flower spots (fiber intertwine) can be seen. 3, Dushan Jade: Dushan jade is named after Dushan, Nanyang, Henan, my country, and is a unique jade species in China. Dushan jade is bright, with delicate texture, good transparency and luster, high hardness, which is comparable to emerald. From the perspective of unearthed cultural relics, it has a history of 5,000 ~ 6000 years.
Itsuyushan jade is formed by the process of geological effects, and the jade -grade oblique long stone and oblique curtain stone collection. Du Jade sets a variety of colors, bright in color, delicate texture, good transparency and luster, high hardness, comparable to emerald. If Dushan Jade: The color of Dushan Jade is bright but complicated. Generally, there are often many colors on the same jade, such as white, green, brown, black and green, etc. This is characterized by other medium and low -grade jade. What is expected. Dushan jade is a fine -grained structure with good transparency, which can be easier to distinguish between jadeite and nephrite with fibrous structures. 4, snake pattern stone jade (sauce jade): Snake -patterned stone jade is formed in the process of geological action, and the jade grade is mainly composed of a small fine fiber -like snake -like mineral mineral. This jade is mostly green to yellow to yellow -green with uniform color tones, with small impurities, very delicate texture, translucent to close transparency, oil luster, and is widely loved by people at all levels of consumption. This stone jade jade is mostly named by the place of origin. Those produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning are called Saitama; they are called "Southern Jade" or "Xinyi Jade" in Xinyi Si Liu, Guangdong; It is called "Lingchuan Yu" in Lingchuan, Guangxi; the "Kunlun Saitama" produced in the foothills of Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang; called "Huili Yu" in Sichuan Huili; "Yunnan Jade" in Yunnan; In Junan, Shandong, it is called "Junan Jade"; the "Jinghuangyu" produced in the Laojun Church of the Shisanling of Beijing. The identification of snake pattern stone jade: The difference between snake -grain stone jade and nephrite and jadeite is low hardness, oil luster or waxy luster, and the latter two are glass gloss or oil gloss. Jade similar to light green or yellow -green snake -grain stones include grape stones and calcium aluminum gigar. Because the calcium aluminum garnet contains a small amount of square stone, it is foamed with hydrochloric acid. The hardness of the grapestone is 6 ~ 6.5, and the small knife is not moved. The water calcium and aluminum g utensils observe the granular structure and the hardness of the small knife. Seals such as Qingtian Stone and Shoushan Stone, which are similar in color, luster, hardness, hardness, hardness, and snake -like stone jade. They do not have fiber, scales, crystal structure or mesh spots, which is different from snake -like stone jade. 5, turquoise: The color of turquoise products are beautiful, and they are loved by Chinese and foreign people, especially Muslims and the western United States. Gem -grade turquoise is formed in the process of geological action. The dense block collection of jade -level minerals is mainly composed of turquoise minerals. Ifirming: Green pine is the main identification features with white blue spots and brown and black iron wires that are commonly identified in the background color. However, it should be noted that the green pine characteristics of different places are not exactly the same. Jade similar to turquoise is: silicon malachite, artificial treatment of turquoise, dyed chalcedony and synthetic turquoise. The silicon peacock is observed with the naked eye very like turquoise, but its refractive index, density and hardness are lower than the turquoise. The method of manual treatment of turquoise is dyeing, paraffin or paraffin oil, and plastic. For dyeing turquoise, dripping a drop of ammonia, aniline dyes will be bleached. For oil injection or waxing turquoise, the hot needle is close to jade, and observes to see melted and flowing paraffin or oil under the magnifying glass. For the turquoise injected by plastic, the surface of the jade is touched with a hot needle, and the injected plastic will find a difficult smell. But do not touch the experiment time for more than three seconds, because the turquoise is afraid of heat and will be back.人 The artificially synthetic turquoise is sky blue and the color is uniform. Observing the grain structure of the spherical structure under 50 times the mirror. 6, quartz jade: Mineral composition is mainly quartz, showing crystal or cryptocrystalline, and there are a small amount of impurities minerals. There are many types of quartz jade, as follows: a, quartz rocks: ① Dongling Stone: It is a quartz rock with sandy gold effects. Those containing chromium clouds are green, called green Dongling stone; those with blue lines are blue, called blue east tomb stone; those containing lithium cloud mother are purple, called purple Dongling stone. The green Dongling stone made in Xinjiang contains green fiber -shaped sun stones. Generally speaking, the quartz particles of Dongling Stone are relatively thick, and the sheets contained in it are relatively large. The sliced minerals in the sun can present a glittering sand gold effect. Under the magnifying glass, you can obviously see the thick chromium cloud mother, which is roughly arranged, and the color filter mirror is slightly brown red.
② Shi Jade: It is named after being produced in Midian County, Henan, and is a relatively dense quartz rock. Most of them are green because they contain green silk cloud mother, as well as red, black, milky white and other colors. The red person may be related to the trace gold red stones and electrical stones. The black person is related to the carbon matter and the high -price iron manganese high -priced oxides. Compared with Dongling Stone, the quartz granules are small and the structure is thinner; the cloud mother flakes are sparse, light, and there is no obvious sand gold effect. ③ Guicui: It is produced in the area area of Zonglong County, Guizhou Province. It is a fine -grained quartz rock containing green kaolin stones. The texture is thin, but the color is not as bright as Dongling Stone and dense jade. The light green with a uniform band -shaped tone is roughly observed with the naked eye. ④ Beijing white jade: It is a white quartz rock with delicate texture and luster. Because the earliest jade materials were applied from the suburbs of Beijing, they were named Beijing Baiyu. In fact, this jade material is produced in many parts of the country. It is white, the color is uniform, there is no impurities, the quartz particles are small, the particle size is generally less than 0.2mm, the texture is delicate, opaque or slightly transparent. ⑤: It is a kind of white quartz rock that appeared in the market in the past two years, which is said to be produced in Xinjiang. The beige jade is uniform white, with delicate texture, glass luster and oil luster, slightly translucent to translucent, and the quality is better than Beijing white jade. b, hidden crystal: ① Chalcedon: The micro -cryptocrystalline quartz collection, the single body is fibrous, messy or slightly directed, and the micro -pores are often filled with water and bubbles. , Most of the output. According to the color, it can be subdivided into several varieties: white chalcedony, red chalcedony, and green chalcedony (the famous "Australian jade in the market is green chalcedony containing Ni), blue chalcedony, and black chalcedony. ② agate: chalcedony with ring or strip -shaped structure. Followed by color, rings stripes and impurities or parcels, many varieties can be subdivided: white agate, red agate, green agate, blue agate, black agate, 缟 agate, silk agate, moss agate, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water Baldin agate and so on. ③ Jasper: It is a kind of chalcedony containing more impurities, opaque, and the color is dark red, green or mixed. Named by color can be called red jasper, green jasper, etc. Sometimes it can also be named according to special patterns and stains, such as landscape jasper and blood dripsticks. c, explain the piral quartz jade ① Wooden transformer: It is a kind of siliconized asbestos. Based on color and fiber arrangement characteristics, wood transforms are divided into three varieties, namely woody stones, tiger -eyed stones and eagle -eye stones. ② Siliconized wood: Siliconized wood is a real wooden stone. It is a fossil that is made of millions of years or earlier trees that was quickly buried underground and was explained by SIO2 in the groundwater. It retains the wooden structure and texture of the trees. The color is yellow, light yellow, yellow brown, reddish brown, gray, gray black, etc. The polished surface can be glassy, opaque or slightly transparent. 7, lapigette: Lushimite jade is mainly liquid minerals, and contains a multi -mineral collection of blue square stones, square lipsticks and pyrite, also known as "green rock". The distribution of minerals and colors, usually divided into four varieties: (1) Lushimite: 99%of the greenite minerals, without yellow iron ore and square decomposite, belonging to "green gold does not bring without with Gold ". The texture is pure, delicate, and the color is strong and uniform. It takes dark blue and dark blue as the best variety. (2) Green gold: 90%or more containing green stone minerals, density of 2.38 ~ 2.45g/cm3. The small crystal of the pyrite is immersed in staining or fine -like star scattered in jade, without white spots cubes. The texture is pure and dense and delicate, and the color is strong and uniform. (3) Jin Kelang (Jin Gelang, Jinguanglang): The tight block containing a large amount of pyrite. Generally, the content of yellow iron ore is more than the green stone, and the yellow iron ore is not scattered, but it is assembled into a group. Including the square folding white spots or white flowers, the texture is uneven. After polishing, it is like a golden turtle shell. This variety is large, which can reach 4 g/cm3. (4) Remove stone: Lushimite minerals are mixed with Fang Ling stone, generally without pyroe ore. It is mixed with blue and white two -color. It is said that it is said that it was used as a medicine in ancient times, which can help pregnant women "give birth". It is mainly based on white square stone and laparus stone, known as "snowflakes", which is more common in my country. 8, malachite: with its bright green, beautiful strips and concentric ring -shaped patterns, delicate texture. Because its color and pattern are like peacock tail feathers, there is a beautiful name such as peacock. The varieties of malachite are divided into: ordinary malachite, malachite cat eye, green malachite, etc. 9, silicon peacock: It is a copper silicate mineral. Silicon peacock is often a stone -like or porcelain -shaped block with earth or grape -like people, but it is rare. It is also green jade, but the color is not exactly the same as the malachite. More blue tones, blue -green or sky blue, closer to turquoise. When the ingredients are more iron and manganese, brown or black can be presented. Oppony, a glass luster when siliconized, usually wax or earth -shaped luster, which is more crispy than malachite. 10, rose pyroxyl: High -quality rose pyroxin is a very beautiful mineral. It is also a jade material for making curved gems, beads and carvings. Its texture hardness looks like emerald, and the color is pink. Therefore, the jewelry industry is also called "pink", "peach blossom stone", and "peach blossom jade". Because the famous origin of Rose Pyramin in my country is in the suburbs of Beijing, it is also known as "Beijing powder". Its English Rhodonite originated from Greek "Rose". 11, diamond manganese ore (red pattern): Refers to the diamond manganese ore that can be used as jade. The color is rose red, pink, etc., which is very beautiful. Common parallel stripes composed of different chroma can also appear on the pink background color such as white, gray, yellow, or brown, and the hardness is low. 12, carbonate quality jade: refers to jade mainly consisting of Fangli Stone (CA [CO3]) or/and white cloud stone (CAMG [CO3] 2) minerals. Geological usually belongs to Dali, West Rock or Baiyun Rock. There are many variants, such as Afghan jade, Han white jade, Wen Shiyu, Lantian jade, Lingyu jade, chrysanthemum stone, etc. are carbonate jade. 13, plum blossom jade: It is a jade condensed from the magma sprayed from the volcano. During this kind of volcanic rock, a large amount of gas forms many peculiar pores in the rocks during the condensation process. These stomators are filled with a variety of minerals that are later generated, forming the so -called almond -shaped mountain rock in geological. If these "almonds" (stomachs) are filled with iron -containing agate, it is red; it is yellow -green for green curtain stone; For white or colorless transparency. When the jade material is polished, these air holes that are filled with various minerals form a "flower" like plum blossoms. There are often twists and turns between the pores. When they are filled by minerals, the "plum blossoms" branches are formed. In the background of Anshan Rock black or gray -black, it is even more beautiful and wonderful. Meihua jade is named. Because it is independent of Ruyang, Henan, it is also known as Ruyu. 14, Lilac Ziyu (Lithium Yunmu Rock): It is a jade variety consisting of a micro -scale lithium Yunmu collection (lithium Yunmu rock), which often contains a small amount of quartz and sodium long stone. It is a new variety of jade discovered in recent years. Because of the color of lilac purple, it is named, referred to as "clove purple". The colors of clove purple are rose, clove purple, purple -Roland, pale purple gray and gray. High -quality people are translucent, pearl to silk shine. The hardness of clove purple is 3 ~ 4, the density is 2.8 ~ 2.9g/cm3, and the refractive index is 1.55 ~ 1.57. 15, obsidian jade: Also known as ten wins, it is a natural glass. Main ingredients: silicon dioxide, hardness: 5, proportion: 2.339-2.527, refractive index: 1.48-1.51, water containing 1-2%, it belongs to amplifier gemstone, with shell-shaped. Obsidian may be all monochrome, or striped, or spots. Inner chilled hair crystals are the characteristics of identification. Some inside the inside obsidian non -metallic luster, while some internal bubbles or crystals produce a "snowflake" effect (that is, snowflake obsidian) or being regarded as a glittering rainbow color. 16, coal essence (Meiyu): also known as black jade, coal essence, black amber. Coal jade is a variant of brown coal. It changes from the geology of low plants and some high plants with low plants and some high plants. Temperature, brown brown, hot needle touches the smell of smoke, and small hardness. 17, Fang sodium stone: usually blue, a few are white, green, red, purple or gray. Generally, glass luster, on the explanation surface, it is oil luster. Fang sodium stone is rare in nature, and its appearance is quite similar to Lazurite. Therefore Sexual yellow iron ore parcel. 18, Wulan Cui: This color stone is named after the emerald green chromium spike grouper and produced in Ulan. The texture is hard and dense, white and green, which is very beautiful. 19, beeswax yellow jade: It is named after its color like yellow beeswax. It is a white cloud rock composed of white cloud stones. The texture is good, the color is soft and moisturized after polishing, there are obvious waxy luster, generally opaque, and the appearance is like Hetian Huangyu. Pucting information: The changes and baptisms of the era did not dilute the development trend of jade culture. Today, China has a significant significant jadeite, which are Xinjiang Hutchida jade, Henan Dushan jade, and Liaoning. The turquoise of Yanyu and Hubei. The first, Hetian jade: The mineral composition of Hetian jade is mainly based on flaspite and yang stone, which is white, green, black, yellow and other different colors. The jade is translucent, and the waxy luster is polished. Hetian jade's economic value assessment is based on the purity of color and texture. The main varieties are: sheep fat, white jade, white jade, green white jade, green jade, yellow jade, sugar jade, and ink jade. It, Dugu: Dugu's mining area is located in the "Du Mountain" in the northern suburbs of Nanyang, also known as "Nanyang Jade". Du Jade is a long stone -like jade. The texture is delicate and pure, with oil or glass luster, good polishing performance, transparent and more than three types of tones. The main varieties are: white jade, green jade, green white jade, purple jade, yellow jade, hibiscus red jade, ink jade and mixed jade. 3. Saitama: It is named after the main origin in Xiuyan County, Liaoning. The appearance is green, yellow -green, pale white, translucent, and waxy luster after polishing. The jade material used in the Shinshi Culture during the Shinshisi period is produced in the fine jade ditch in Xiuyan County. Most jade materials unearthed from the tomb of Shang Dynasty women are similar to the jade jade in Xiuyan tilegou mineral. Fourth, turquoise: Green pine is one of the ancient jade. As early as in ancient Egypt, it was known and regarded it as a mysterious thing. It was known as "Jingzhou Stone" or "Xiangyang Dadu" in ancient times. There are blue, green and other colors with different shades, wax -like luster. Hubei is high -quality turquoise, famous at home and abroad. Its jade crafts are loved by the people and sells well in the world. Reference materials: jade
wholesale 316l jewelry According to current information, more than 230 gems and jade minerals in the world today. The best sheep fat in Hetian jade is the best! The best glass species. This "species" refers to the degree of transparency of jade, and the more transparent the price is much more expensive, such as the glass species (the same transparency as the glass) is better than the ice species (the transparent ice has been seen. It is not very clear) is a level high, and the worst species is generally called porcelain bottom (it can be said that there is no transparency). Of course, there is no standard fixed number. We generally rely on feelings; as for the green, oily, white -bottomed green, these are another concept, which means color species. The English name of Jade is Jade, which is derived from the Spanish aggressor. They named the jade plundered by Mexico as Pieda Be IJade, and Ijade was the last word of the word.
The real jade is soft and hard. The usual jade refers to nephrite, and a rough jade has another popular name -emerald. Nephrite (Nephrite) is water -containing calcium magnesium silicate, with 6.5 hardness, excellent toughness, translucent to opaque, fibrous crystal collection. Jadeite (Jadeite), sodium aluminum silicate, hardness of 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, granular to fibrous sets, causing tight blocks. The two jade shapes are very similar, and the proportion of riffing (3.25-3.4) is greater than nephrite (2.9-3.1).
jade is a relatively noble type in the ore. The ancient Chinese believed that jade was the embodiment of glory and happiness, and the symbol of resolute and kindness. Some foreign scholars also regard jade as the "national stone" of China.
This China is the earliest and most widely used country in the world. There are many records in the ancient books, and the names are also very mixed, such as water jade, yuyu, Pei jade, fragrant jade, nephrite and so on. The sparkling stone nephrite jade jade unearthed from Chahai site in Fuxin City, Liaoning, is about 8,000 years (early in the early Neolithic era). It is the earliest real jade that the world knows so far. It is said that when the Huangdi princes were seized in ancient times, jade was used as a sign that they enjoyed power. In the future, many emperor jade's "Chuan Guo seal" was also made by jade. The Shang Dynasty has used Mo Yuya to convey the order of the king. In the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC -256 BC), it has begun to use jade. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the king of Zhao Guo got a very precious jade "He's". After King Qin knew, he promised to exchange it with fifteen cities. Although it was only a conspiracy, it can also be seen at the time.
Why do the ancients see jade so precious?
First of all, jade looks good and colorful. The ancient book "Said" records that the so -called jade is "the beauty of the stone". The colors of jade are grass green, green onion green, dark green, gray white, milky white, and the color is deep and soft, forming a unique warm and smooth color. Chinese people like a semi -transparent white and even yellow and white "sheep fat jade" -the Tianyu, as well as the jade with green bands in white- "moss jade in the snow".
Secondly, the ancient people were superstitious and believed that jade had the effect of preventing demon and avoiding evil. Use jade to make cups, bowls, discs and other sacrifice tools and jade bracelets, jade pupa, rings, cigarettes and other decorations.
Third, the toughness of jade is strong and can be hit by the hammer. This characteristic can not even compare diamonds. Using jade color and this advantage can be carved into exquisite crafts and decorations such as animals, flowers, plants, pavilions, and pagodas.
In 1935, a large earthquake attacked the Chinese crafts in a small craft shop in Santa Barbara's small crafts shops all fell to the ground. But what makes the owner please is that although the most valuable jade products are placed on the top of the shelf, one piece is not damaged. Obviously, jade is very tough.
The greedy jade of the Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that a tributer dedicated a large diamond stone jewelry. She was not acceptable, but instead welcome to give her a small and exquisite "Emperor" green jade product. She has a precious ring, shaped like a small cucumber, which is carved with high -quality jade. She wore jade bracelets on her wrist, and a few fingers wearing a jasper ring and a three -inch jade nail sleeve. After her death, the funeral items had a large number of jade treasures.
The largest jade in the world was mined by the sea near the U.S. California in 1971, weighing 5 tons, and was named "King of Jade". In 1977, a neate jade weighing 28 tons was found in Lake Watson, Canada. A larger jade was found in Myanmar in 1978, weighing 90 tons. However, as early as 1960, a large jade was excavated in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, my country, with a volume of 106.8m3 and wearing 267.76 tons, which was 204.05 tons more than the total weight of the three major jade abroad. Real "King of Jade".
The jade has five virtues: benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage, cleanliness.
The modern jade carving is divided into south and north. The South School is represented by Yangzhou, which is characterized by a delicate image. The North School is represented by Beijing, which is characterized by rough and momentum.
The beauty of jade is obviously different from the diamond and color gemstone. The beauty of the diamond lies in its hardness, clearness, brightness, and the beauty of color gems lies in its gorgeous gorgeous, and the beauty of jade lies in its delicateness, warmth , Mastener and elegant.
It alternative explanation: jade that is not carved. "Hanshu Western Regions Biography · Yu Yan Guo": East, Water East flow, Yan Ze, Heyuan out of Heyuan. More jade. Note: Jade, jade, also. One said that Shi Zhi is like jade. my country is rich in jade, such as white jade in Xinjiang, jadeite in Yunnan, agate in the northeast, Songshi of Hubei, the crystals of Taiwan and Hainan Island, the dense jade in Henan, the pink of Beijing, the stones of Hangzhou, and Nanjing Rainy agate, etc., are well -known jade raw materials.
It jade identification:
Pevant first, read carefully and read more monograph on ancient jade. These academic works are condensed with rich knowledge. Such as the "Ancient Jade Maps" by Wu Dazheng in the late Qing Dynasty, "Complete Works of Chinese Art: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade History" of Zhang Guangwen, Hong Kong Li Yinghao's "Identification Ancient Jade" and so on. Secondly, it is very important to contact directly. Zhengu jade is old, heavy, soft, soft appearance, natural color, sharp knife workers, and moisturizing. Xinyu does not have these feelings. There were antique jade appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people forged chicken blood with rainbow grass. After the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more fakes. Too. The quality of jade is generally judged from the five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, proportion and color. The texture of jade refers to the fineness and warmth of jade. One of the differences between Wang and Shi is that the jade is delicate, gentle and firm, translucent, and luster like fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lack of luster, and opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade anti -external forces (such as pressure, engraving, grinding). The higher the hardness, the greater the processing difficulty, and the better the quality of the jade. Although the jade hardness index can be learned through the instrument detection of its internal crystal structure, the operation of the scratch hardness is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in my country is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than the hardness of copper and is lower than the hardness of glass. In other words, jade can be engraved on the copper and can also be traced by the glass. people often distinguish gems, jade, and color stones through the hardness of treasure jade. Generally speaking, the hardness of the gemstone is above 7, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emerald gems, but Opal gemstones are exceptions, and Mo's hardness is 5.5; Such as Hetian jade, Nanyang jade, emerald; low hardness jade hardness is between 4-6, such as turquoise and sailing (some snake texture jade is lower, which can be low to 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but color stone. In addition to the hardness, there is also a hardness standard called pressure -resistant hardness, or pressure into the hardness, that is, absolute hardness. It refers to the ability of anti -external strike power, and it is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest stress hardness in nature is the black diamond, which is marked as 10 degrees, followed by Hetian jade, with the pressure resistance of 9 degrees, emerald, rubber, and sapped. Wait. In another way, Hetian jade's stress hardness is 1000, the jadeite is 500, the jade jade is 250, and the agate is only 5. Hotan jade has such high toughness, because its crystals are woven like blankets, and the force between molecules is very huge. In practice, the jade craftsmanship usually views the jade by observing the mouth of the cricket. Generally, a small piece is cut, and the small hammer is broken. Observing the fracture, which is the glass nature as strong as the toughness. The jade with strong toughness is not easy to hit the fracture. Even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; and the glass of the glass -based jade is bright through the cross section, called "bright", similar to the shape of the shell. The jade between the toughness and the glass is usually called "poor" and "meat". Through this observation, you can also observe whether the jade has the characteristics of the jade. If there is a crack or a crack, the jade will be disconnected in the direction of the explanation or crack when knocking. This, it can be seen that Hetian jade with excellent toughness, Hetian jade, is very plastic during processing. Among the treasure jade of the same Mo's hardness or higher than its Mo's hardness, Hetian jade is , The Yinjian line will never start up the collapse, so its texture is fine, warm and moist. Of course, toughness and hardness are also affected by jade impurities, and the impurities can also be understood by determining tough hardness. ——This is a relatively large factors that determine the use of a piece of jade. For example, the magazine of Yushanzi and utensils for making jade is not very strict, but as jewelry accessories, jade is required to be pure and uniform. The hardness of jade is one of the important basis for identifying jade, and the luster of the treasure jade is also the basic criterion for identifying the authenticity of the treasure jade and the level of grade. In general, the luster of treasure jade can be simply classified as "Chan Guang", "Burning Light", "Flash" and "Light" in terms of light. Chan Guang is the strongest lightness. People must narrow their eyes. For example, the full reflection surface of the grinding diamond has such lightness; Generally, there is a splattered brightness; flash is the degree of light of general glass. It is divided into strong flash and weak flashes. Jade with high hardness is generally strong flash, and jade with low hardness is weak flash. The light of light. In addition to the degree of light, gloss is also one of the identification characteristics of treasure jade. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic gloss, the refractive index is between 2.6-3, such as needle iron ore; diamond luster, the refractive index is between 1.9-2.6 For example, emerald; oil luster, animal -like oil, the most famous is the sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade. Each specific treasure jade has a specific refractive index, which is difficult to replace the substance in various conditions such as hardness, density, refractive index, and brightness. Therefore, through these standards of identification, it can be possible Confirm the identity and preliminary value of a piece of treasure. At present, there have been pseudo jade synthesized by jade powder through artificial high -pressure synthesis. The colors and hardness are similar to Hetian jade. You must be careful when identifying. Zhengu jade includes Tuqin, limestone, water and silver Qin, corpse blood Qin, cinnabar Qin, copper Qin, surface oxidation layer, etc. Some of the pupae are fried, some are roasted, and some are eroded with chemical potion. of. It is important to find out the differences and differences between real products and crickets in terms of color, luster, thickness and other aspects. The carved lines on the surface of the jade articles are different, including V -shaped, semi -circular, and U -shaped. U -shaped is an important feature of modern machine processing. The carved lines and surface skin are bright, which is unanimous in terms of colors and pulp; the phenomenon of limel collapse on both sides of the line grooves is the characteristics of modern "machinery".
This of Bingqing Yujie Talk
In our country, jade has a long history and unique meaning. From ancient times to the present, people have made everything beautiful. It can be said that the development of jade culture and the development of Chinese civilization have formed an inextricable bond. The beauty of ancient jade lies in the natural beauty of its material, but also the beauty of its shape, the beauty of carving, and the beauty of inner containing. The implication of human beauty has made Yu surpass the natural attributes of his "mountain elite". In the feudal society, Yuxi has become a symbol of power, synonymous with politics, and history has given it a super material consciousness. "Zhou Li · Grand Bo" records: During the Zhou Dynasty, people made the jade as six instruments to the four parties of the heavens and the earth. There are also ancient people who governed the country by Anbang. "Said the text" says that jade has "five virtues": moisturizing to warm, benevolence also; ; Folding and not scratching, bravery; flaws are suitable, fine; Tibetan gloss and can not meet the tomb, to show; Confucius said that jade has "ten virtues": gentleman is better than jade, gentle and moist, benevolent; integrity but not stubborn, righteousness; However, Dongye is also; the flaws do not hide the Yu, the jade does not hide the flaws, loyalty; Fu Yin's side, Xinye is like returning to the rainbow, heaven, the spirit runs through the mountains, the earth also; Tao also. Confucius is the founder of Confucian academics, and traditional Chinese culture is formed by interpreting development with Confucian culture as the main body. Since ancient times, the Confucian people have complied with the traditional concepts such as "gentleman Bide to jade" and "gentleman jade for no reason". The development of Chinese jade culture is always with Chinese civilization. In 1949, the design draft of the New China national emblem was the design draft provided by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin with the jade crickets as the main pattern, with the gear and wheat ears. In the past two decades, people's admiration and love for jade articles surpassed any historical period in the past. In order to make people more comprehensively understand the development of Chinese jade culture and meet the needs of collectors, on April 16, 2007, the Chinese Cultural Relics Society launched 10 "Chinese famous jade" to restore the items. Liangzhu and Hongshan Culture continued until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, including jade, jade dragon, jade pig dragon, jade jade, jade, jade, double earrings, out -of -halberd dragon bottle, four -legged Fang Ding, And jade seal and so on. Each jade was the most representative work at the time, and it best represented the aesthetic taste of the society at that time. The jade was exquisite and exquisite in craftsmanship. Many jade articles met the world for the first time in a physical form. The emerald distribution center, Yunnan Province, took the lead in formulating the local standards of "Emerald Grade" to make a more scientific regulations for evaluating the quality indicators of Emerald, which is a meaningful thing for the development of the industry. The formulation of the standard of "Emerald" enables people's perception of jadeite and even the quality of jade, and has an overall principle and method. In the standard, the concept of "species" of jadeite is set as "texture", and its content is usually focused on professionalism and theory. From the perspective of guests, we will introduce our experience and some information to the majority of consumers. 1, the old pit species emerald is commonly known as the "old pit glass species", usually with a glass luster, its texture is delicate, pure and flawed, and the color is pure, bright, rich, uniform emerald green; The transgence structure of the kind of jadeite fiber is mainly used, and the hard main grains are very fine. Therefore, it is difficult to see "emerald" with the naked eye; Products or best. At the previous jewelry auction or trading, its price has repeatedly reached high. 2, ice species emerald The texture is similar to the old pit species, colorless or less color, the characteristics of ice species are characterized on the outer surface, translucent to transparent The feeling of people with Bingqing Yuying. If there is a fluffy or intermittent pulse -shaped blue color in the ice type jadeite, it is called "blue flower ice" such as "blue flower ice", which is a common variety in ice emerald. Ice jade materials often make bracelets or pendants. The value of colorless ice emeralds and "blue flower ice" jadeite value is not significantly different. The actual price mainly depends on people's preferences. In the market, a good ice bracelet is usually worth tens of thousands of yuan. Ice species are emeralds in mid -ups and upper or middle grades. 3, water species emerald . The structure of its jade is slightly thicker than the old pit glass species, and the gloss and transparency are slightly lower than the old pit glass species and are similar to the ice species. It is characterized by transparent as water but soft luster. Looking at its internal structure in detail, it can be seen that a little reflects the ripples, or there are a small amount of dark cracks and stone patterns. Occasionally, there are very few impurities and cotton willow. Some experts say that the aquatic emerald is a pale or colorless old pit jadeite. It is a variety in the middle and upper stalls in jadeite. The common cases of water -type emerald: colorless called "water"; with light, uniform green, which is called "green water"; with uniform, light blue, it is called "Blue Blue "Water"; shallow and uniform purple, called "purple water". The prices in the market are on water and purple water, while green and blue water are second. 4, violet emerald This is a purple jadeite like violet flowers. The jewelry industry also refers to violets as "Tsubaka" or "spring". The emeralds with "general color" have high, medium, and low grades. It is not as long as it is violet, it is certainly valuable. It is also a comprehensive evaluation of quality indicators such as texture, transparency, and process production level. The purple on the emerald is generally not deep. According to the different shades of purple color tone, the jadeite world is divided into pink purple, eggplant purple, and blue purple. The second, blue purple again. The purple emerald will look deeper in the yellow light, so it is better to watch in the natural light, and consumers should pay attention to this. For the evaluation of this variety, it is better to be transparent, the structure is delicate and flawless, and the pink purple is better. 5, white base green emerald The characteristics of the white background are the white ascetic as frost. The green is very bright on the white base and the white green is clear. The jadeite of this variety is very easy to identify. The green is distributed on the white bottom, and the transparency is poor, which is opaque or slightly transparent. (30-40 times zoomed in) Frequent holes or uneven structures on the surface. This variety is mostly mid -range emeralds. A few green and white, green and green, good color, good color, and very coordinated color base, which can be attributed to high -end varieties. 6, anthocyan jade color (emerald green) is vein -like, extremely irregular; the texture is thick and thin, translucent. Its background is light green or other colors, such as light gray or bean -green, and its structure is mainly fiber and fine -granular structure. The characteristics of anthocyan jadeite are uneven green, some are dense, some are relatively sparse, and the color is deep and shallow. There is also a structure in anthocyan emerald that is only granular, and the water feel is insufficient. Because of its rough structure, the transparency is often poor. Green is a middle or low -grade emerald. 7, red emerald The jadeite with bright red or orange red, it is easy to see in the market. The color of the red jade was formed after the production of a ligaine crystal, which was caused by the immersion of red iron ore. The color of red emerald is often bright red or dark red. The good red jade color is good, with glass luster, and its transparency is semi -transparent. Red emerald products are often mid -range or low -end products, but there are high -end red emerald color, delicate texture, and very beautiful. They are loved by people, with Jiqing color and emerald. 8, yellow brown jade The color of the color from yellow to brown -yellow or brown yellow, this series of colors of jadeite products can be seen everywhere in the market. Their colors are also formed after the generation of lithium crystals, which is often distributed on the red layer, which is caused by brown iron ore immersed. In the market, the value of red jade is higher than that of yellow emeralds, and yellow jade is higher than brown and yellow emeralds, and the price of brown yellow emeralds is second. However, there are situations that make their prices different from conventional because of their love and unique characteristics. 9, bean species emerald referred to as bean species, which is a very common variety in the emerald family. Its name is very vivid; most of the crystal particles of bean species are mostly short -columnar, like granular beans arranged inside the emerald, and can clearly see the split interface of these crystals with the naked eye. Because the grains are rough, the appearance of the jade parts is inevitable, and its luster and transparency are often poor. The emerald business community calls it "dry water". Beans are medium and low -grade species in emerald, and the price is not high. Bean species can be subdivided into rude beans (grains greater than 3mm), beans (less than 3mm grains), jelly beans and ice beans. The old business community said that jadeite has "thirty -six water and seventy -two beans", which refers to the variety of emeralds, not as many as the bean emerald. 10, hibiscus emerald It referred to as the hibiscus species. This variety of jadeite is generally pale green and does not contain yellow tone. It is clear, pure, and sometimes pink. Its texture is thinner than beans, and the granular structure inside the emerald can be observed on a 10 -fold large mirror, but the boundary of the cashmere crystal particles is very vague. Halfly transparent; although the color is not strong, it is very elegant, although not enough, but not dry, very durable, belongs to the middle or middle range, which is slightly more thanked. The price is suitable in the market. Love, it can be regarded as a low -quality variety. 11, horse teeth emerald The texture is thinner, but it is opaque, and the surface luster is like a porcelain. Most of the jadeite emeralds are green, and carefully observe the blue white white. There is often a hint of white strips in the green. Sometimes it can be seen in the white cotton or dark green spots. The value of horse teeth is not high in today's market, belonging to the middle stall. Most of the jade pieces in the market are plate fingers, cigarettes and cigarette pots. 12, ravioli species of jadeite This texture is delicate like a lotus powder, and the color is light powder purple -red (light spring), which is a good handicraft raw material. The structure of the pouring powder is similar to the hibiscus species. Observation is observed under 10 times the large mirror. You can see the cashmere grain, but the hibiscus is thinner, and the grain interface is very vague. It is characterized by: the jade parts are as fine as the powder, and the light pink purple red is often coexisting with the green, forming a coordinated combination. Many emerald large pieces are commonly used for carving. 13, wide film The characteristic is that the green is dark or dark, the texture is thick, and the water head is dry. The emerald of this variety is high green under the transmission light, and the reflection light is dark green. After cutting it into a thin piece, it is green and beautiful. It has prevailed in the southern my country, especially Guangdong and Guangzhou, so it is named. It is now precise, "Guangshi" is a method of processing jadeite slice. Its purpose is to cleverly apply the relationship between thickness and color and transparency when processing transparency and dark green jade jade material. When a thin piece of about 1mm in Chengdu, the dark color in the jadeite color was significantly weakened or even disappeared, and the green became prominent and strong, and the transparency was greatly improved. After the good -wide chip is wrapped in precious metals such as platinum, white K gold, it looks noble and not tacky, and is expensive in the market. At present, Guangqi is often used to make jewelry such as tags, chest pendants, and is favored by consumers such as white -collar stages. 14, Cuili seed jade This is a kind of jadeite with good texture and color, which belongs to the middle and high -grade jade in the market. The jadeite is very tough, and the green is silk -shaped, tendon -shaped in parallel. There is a view that will be collectively referred to as green silk on the shallow bottom (middle) green and silk -shaped emerald. The author feels inappropriate. Those with silk -shaped green colors are not necessarily green, and the jadeite emerald should have two characteristics at the same time: first, the green is bright, the color is in a strip -shaped, and the silk is arranged in a smooth line, the silk -shaped silk is on the shallow bottom bottom. Among them, the orientation structure is very developed, and the rough jade crystals are tilted with fiber -shaped orientation, indicating that it is subject to strong stress during the growth process, so the toughness of jade pieces is high. Thisy jadeite is better with green, thick, thick, and strip area. On the contrary, the quality of the jade parts with sparsely falling, the quality of the jade parts is lower, and the price is much cheaper. It in the past books, the color (green or yellow) is arranged in parallel, and the emerald with orientation is called "golden silk species". The separation of silk and "Cui Si" will be more clear, which is more conducive to the recognition, distinction and appreciation of varieties. If there is a parallel green, yellow filament or tendon in a piece of jade, it can be called the "golden crust" — emerald with golden silk and green silk. 15, golden silk species In the shallow bottom containing yellow, orange -yellow, color -shaped, filament -shaped parallel arrangement, and obvious directional structure development Other features are the same as the crusts species. 16, oily green jade referred to as oily green or oily immersion. It is a mid -to -low -grade emerald everywhere in the market. It is often used to make pendants and bracelets. The green seeds are obviously impure, with gray and blue ingredients, so they are dull and not bright enough. The crystal structure is mostly fibrous, which is more delicate. Its transparency is acceptable, and even has better transparency. If its color is darker, it is also called "melon oil green" in the emerald world. 17, Bashan Jade "Bashan Jade" is produced in the Sima area northern Myanmar. The rough has poor transparency and rich colors. Low, special emerald containing mines such as flashes and sodium stones. Due to the large impurities of Bashan jade rough, thick structure, and poor water head, it must be manually processed to make decorations. Bashan jade in the market is actually an emerald B goods obtained by acid washing. The variety after manual treatment, the color is bright and transparent, and it is called "Xinyu". It is the most popular emerald B goods in these years.巴山玉有四大特点：色多、黑色多且块大，一件饰品上常兼有绿、紫、白色；粒粗，结构疏松，撞击时声音发闷；硬度低，巴山玉的硬度常常为6, and the hardness of most emerald varieties is between 6.5-7; the weight is light, that is, the density is small, and the density of Bashan jade is less than 3.32g/cm3. However, the processed Bashan jade does have good ornamental and practical value. Because of the low price, it is more suitable for young women with low income. It should be pointed out that the structure of the Bashan jade is damaged and durable, so there is no possibility of collection value and value preservation. 18, dry white seed jade is a white or light gray white emerald with thick texture and poor transparency. This variety is colorless or light. Based on the naked eye, the boundary between grains can be seen. Therefore, the appearance structure is rough, and the value of use and ornamental is low. It is a low -grade emerald variety. 19, Mo Cui This is shiny at first glance, it is easy to make people mistakenly believe that it is ink jade or other black treasure jade in Hetian jade, but observed in transmitted light, it is mostly translucent Slip, and black in black. The Burmese uses "the shadow of the lover" to describe the black jade jade, and the Chinese name it "Black Cui". Mo Cui usually cannot be counted as high -end emerald, but when it is made into a jewelry with a special meaning, it is not low when the price is made with "Zhong Rong drives evil" made of Mo Cui, but the price is not low. 20, Tielongsheng is a mid -range emerald with bright green, but the color tone is different, poorly transparent, loose structure, and columnar crystals arranged in a certain direction, which can often be seen in the market. "Tielongsheng" is taken from Myanmar's voice, and the Burmese "Iron Dragon Sheng" means full green. An emerald expert in Hong Kong in my country transliterate it as "Tianlong Sheng" to make it noble and lovely. Therefore, "Tielongsheng" is also called "Tianlongsheng" in some places. Due to rough texture and poor transparency, the price of "iron dragon" is not high in the market; and because of good color and bright green, it is deeply welcomed by consumers. "Iron Dragon Sheng" is used to make pendants such as thin leaves, thin water butterflies, and the effect is better. It also uses green jade pieces such as carved beads and carved bracelets. Because "Iron Dragon Sheng" is rich in green, the decoration made of thin slices has high ornamental and use value, such as a thin chest flower, pendant inlaid with platinum, iron dragon raw jewelry embedded in gold, golden jade phase Line, rich and generous, very popular. 21, dry green varieties The characteristics are yellow -green, dark green to dark green, black spots, often cracks, opaque, seemingly dry, referred to as dry green species. The mineral components of dry green species are mainly sodium chromatoplasty, and also contain mineral ingredients such as hard jade. Before the 1990s, people have been listed as a variety in the jadeite family. After the 1990s, experts and scholars in the jewelry and geological circles repeatedly demonstrated and discussed that the dried green species should no longer be called emerald, but should be determined as a jade species closely related to jadeite. The value of dry green species is average, and it is commonly used to make ornaments or pendants. Because people have long regarded it as a "special emerald" for a long time, it is listed as a special case. The above briefly introduced the situation of 21 jadeite varieties commonly common in the market. Of course, in the family of jadeite, there are other varieties, which are not described one by one in the market.
of course, it is glass species, and ice seeds are better. In particular, it is important to emphasize that the current merchants are often called ice species as long as they are a bit transparent. It is really unscrupulous. You need to pay attention to identification.
solid gold jewelry wholesale in usa From the perspective of Western gem culture, there are two types of jade and hardness. The jade is usually refers to nephrite. It is one of the most common jewelry. Reluctile jade: Also known as horn flashes, the hardness is Mohs 6-6.5, and the proportion is 2.55-2.65. The main component is the fiber mineral of calcium silicate. The origin of nephrite is the most famous in China and the region. The color of the nephrite is closer to the grease of grease, pure and white, delicate and moist. Secondly, nephrite contains a small amount of oxidized metal ions to present green, green, and yellow.
This: commonly known as emerald, it belongs to pyroxyl, the main ingredient is siliconic acid aluminum, the hardness is Mo's 6.75-7, and the proportion of 3.2--3.3. It is mostly produced in Myanmar, and it is also produced in Yunnan, China. The hard jade texture is hard, with high density and glass luster. Emerald green, pale purple, apple green, and snowflake white are typical colors of pyroxyl. extension information: Color: green is the best. The best green emerald is Zhengyang green (refers to fresh green green). 2. Type: The best emerald is "glass species", also known as "spiritual jadeite". The degree of transparency is very high. 3. The pit is generally better than the new pit. The seed material is better than the mountain material and the half -mountain material. 4. The larger the size, the better. The current large jadeite is rare. Thetest jade standard
1. The best white, sheep fat jade is the best. There are also good products in other colors. Huang Yuzi is good, and the Mo Yumo is so good. The jade color is transparent. 2. Types: Hetian jade is the best, and other jade species also have good products.
3. History: Guyu is the best. Regarding the division of ancient jade, some people think that the jade in the Republic of China is ancient jade, and some people think that the jade before the Han Dynasty was ancient jade. Contempt: It is better to divide the jade before the Ming Dynasty as ancient jade. 4. Carving: Reversed Jade Jade Jade, nephrite pays more attention to carving. jade — Baidu Encyclopedia
recycled paper jewelry boxes wholesale Jade is divided into nephrite and hard jade. Rate jade mainly refers to jade with low hardness such as Hetian jade and sauce. The "species" you said is a term often said in jadeite. The species refers to its transparency. The more transparent the emerald score, the best is the glass species.
aztec wholesale jewelry Divided into hard jade. The difference between hard jade and nephrite Blip according to the theory of modern geology, jade is divided into two types: "hard jade" and "nephrite". China Nonferrous Network. "hard jade" specifically refers to emerald, belongs to pyroxyl, with dense texture, glass luster, and the jade is faintly crystal structure. China Nonferrous Network. Its Mo's hardness is 7, the hardness is high, and the proportion is 3.33. Yajun has a heavy feeling in his hand. "Steel Jade" is a hornystone. The highest hardness of Mohs is generally not more than 6-6.5, which is softer. China Nonferrous Network. There are many types of nephrite jade. Saitama, Nanyang Jade, Lantian jade, Hetian jade, agate, crystal, coral, turquoise, green stone, etc., all belong to the category of nephrite. China Nonferrous Network. Later, due to the opening of the Silk Road, the jade produced by Xinjiang Hetian area was unanimously recognized. In the court, official and folk jade processing, it gradually became the protagonist, and the nephrite gradually evolved into a synonymous Hetian jade. Hetian jade has flowed into the Central Plains very early, but after a large number of jade flowing into the Central Plains or the opening of the Silk Road, because the jade is rich in color, warmth, delicate and beautiful, we are deeply avoided by people. The ancient people's life "jade has five virtues", which is used to learn from people. The gentleman has no reason, and the jade does not go. The hardness of Hetian jade is 6-6.5, and the proportion is 2.963.17. Due to the different ingredients of Hetian jade, Hetian jade is divided into white jade, green jade, jasper, ink jade, yellow jade in color. Among them The second is sheep fat and white jade (named for its warm and white as sheep fat), and the number of Mo Yu is very small. China Nonferrous Network. The jade is the largest jade in Hetian jade, and it is also the lowest quality and price of jade. It far from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, China has the jade processing industry. So far, it has been stretched for thousands of years. Due to the limited mineral collection of Hetian jade, it is rarely produced at present. Bad merchants use Qinghai Baiyu and Russian white jade to impersonate Hetian jade jade to make huge profits. For jade enthusiasts, it is clear that the type of jade is the first step and the most critical step for collecting jade. Receive your favorite jade. Emerald; Hetian jade in Xinjiang (sheep fat, yellow jade, sugar white jade, ink jade, jasper, green jade, etc.). Nanyang's Dushan Jade (also known as Nanyang Cuiyu) and Xiuyan jade in the northeast (also known as Snakewhaya). Huang Longyu (also known as yellow wax stone). Dongling jade. Lantian jade. The jadeite in the glass and the sheep fat jade in Xinjiang are the most valuable. As long as you like it, it is valuable.
stainless steel biker jewelry wholesale e bay From the perspective of Western gem culture, there are two types of jade and hardness. The jade is usually refers to nephrite. It is one of the most common jewelry.
The narrow sense refers to Hetian jade, including more than ten kinds of nephrite such as Xiuyan jade, Nanyang jade, Jiuquan jade. Many nephrite has a long history, such as Xiuyan jade. Sweet jade only refers to emerald.
This sayings are the jade we are talking about today. It not only includes Hetian jade, emerald, but also chalcedony, Xiuyan jade, Nanyang jade, crystal, agate, amber, coral, turquoise, green, green Jinshi, Huang Longyu and other traditional jade. Modern mineral science divides jade into two categories: rough jade and nephrite. Sweet jade is emerald, and nephrite mainly refers to the Hetian jade of Xinjiang. This is the definition of "jade" in the narrow sense.
The most valuable: Sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade! The best glass species. This "species" refers to the degree of transparency of jade, and the more transparent the price is much more expensive, such as the glass species (the same transparency as the glass) is better than the ice species (the transparent ice has been seen. The one who is not very clear) should be a higher level, and the worst species is generally called porcelain bottom (it can be said that there is no transparency).
1, emerald: In ancient China, "Emerald" was originally the name of the birds. Its feathers are beautiful. Generally, the male bird is called "emerald", and the female green is called "kingfisher". In ancient times, women's jewelry made with emerald feathers collages. The names of the jewelry made are "Cui", such as fine green and Zhu Cui. Because hard jade is a very beautiful jade, as time goes forward, people represent the beautiful jade named jade, that is, the polycrystalline collection that is mainly composed of ligament, green pyroxyl and sodium chromatoplastin is called emerald. It's right.
2, nephrite: Steel jade is mainly a collection of minerals composed of penetrating flashes -yang stone series minerals. It also contains minerals such as travexy, green mud, snake -patterned stones, square lipsticks, graphite and magnetite. There are many people in the world's nephrite, but the number of nephrite in Hetian County, Xinjiang, China has the longest history and the best quality. It is famous for its famous Chinese and foreign countries. Therefore, Hetian jade is now synonymous. Has the meaning of origin.
The biggest feature of nephrite is delicate texture, moisturizing, soft, uniform color, smooth as fat, slightly transparent, tough and not easy to break. On the polishing side (jade), a obvious structure of flower spots (fiber intertwine) can be seen.
3, Dushan Jade: Dushan jade is named after Dushan, Nanyang, Henan, my country, and is a unique jade species in China. Dushan jade is bright, with delicate texture, good transparency and luster, high hardness, which is comparable to emerald. From the perspective of unearthed cultural relics, it has a history of 5,000 ~ 6000 years.
Itsuyushan jade is formed by the process of geological effects, and the jade -grade oblique long stone and oblique curtain stone collection. Du Jade sets a variety of colors, bright in color, delicate texture, good transparency and luster, high hardness, comparable to emerald.
If Dushan Jade: The color of Dushan Jade is bright but complicated. Generally, there are often many colors on the same jade, such as white, green, brown, black and green, etc. This is characterized by other medium and low -grade jade. What is expected. Dushan jade is a fine -grained structure with good transparency, which can be easier to distinguish between jadeite and nephrite with fibrous structures.
4, snake pattern stone jade (sauce jade): Snake -patterned stone jade is formed in the process of geological action, and the jade grade is mainly composed of a small fine fiber -like snake -like mineral mineral. This jade is mostly green to yellow to yellow -green with uniform color tones, with small impurities, very delicate texture, translucent to close transparency, oil luster, and is widely loved by people at all levels of consumption.
This stone jade jade is mostly named by the place of origin. Those produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning are called Saitama; they are called "Southern Jade" or "Xinyi Jade" in Xinyi Si Liu, Guangdong; It is called "Lingchuan Yu" in Lingchuan, Guangxi; the "Kunlun Saitama" produced in the foothills of Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang; called "Huili Yu" in Sichuan Huili; "Yunnan Jade" in Yunnan; In Junan, Shandong, it is called "Junan Jade"; the "Jinghuangyu" produced in the Laojun Church of the Shisanling of Beijing.
The identification of snake pattern stone jade: The difference between snake -grain stone jade and nephrite and jadeite is low hardness, oil luster or waxy luster, and the latter two are glass gloss or oil gloss. Jade similar to light green or yellow -green snake -grain stones include grape stones and calcium aluminum gigar. Because the calcium aluminum garnet contains a small amount of square stone, it is foamed with hydrochloric acid. The hardness of the grapestone is 6 ~ 6.5, and the small knife is not moved. The water calcium and aluminum g utensils observe the granular structure and the hardness of the small knife. Seals such as Qingtian Stone and Shoushan Stone, which are similar in color, luster, hardness, hardness, hardness, and snake -like stone jade. They do not have fiber, scales, crystal structure or mesh spots, which is different from snake -like stone jade.
5, turquoise: The color of turquoise products are beautiful, and they are loved by Chinese and foreign people, especially Muslims and the western United States. Gem -grade turquoise is formed in the process of geological action. The dense block collection of jade -level minerals is mainly composed of turquoise minerals.
Ifirming: Green pine is the main identification features with white blue spots and brown and black iron wires that are commonly identified in the background color. However, it should be noted that the green pine characteristics of different places are not exactly the same. Jade similar to turquoise is: silicon malachite, artificial treatment of turquoise, dyed chalcedony and synthetic turquoise. The silicon peacock is observed with the naked eye very like turquoise, but its refractive index, density and hardness are lower than the turquoise.
The method of manual treatment of turquoise is dyeing, paraffin or paraffin oil, and plastic. For dyeing turquoise, dripping a drop of ammonia, aniline dyes will be bleached. For oil injection or waxing turquoise, the hot needle is close to jade, and observes to see melted and flowing paraffin or oil under the magnifying glass. For the turquoise injected by plastic, the surface of the jade is touched with a hot needle, and the injected plastic will find a difficult smell. But do not touch the experiment time for more than three seconds, because the turquoise is afraid of heat and will be back.人
The artificially synthetic turquoise is sky blue and the color is uniform. Observing the grain structure of the spherical structure under 50 times the mirror.
6, quartz jade: Mineral composition is mainly quartz, showing crystal or cryptocrystalline, and there are a small amount of impurities minerals. There are many types of quartz jade, as follows:
a, quartz rocks:
① Dongling Stone: It is a quartz rock with sandy gold effects. Those containing chromium clouds are green, called green Dongling stone; those with blue lines are blue, called blue east tomb stone; those containing lithium cloud mother are purple, called purple Dongling stone. The green Dongling stone made in Xinjiang contains green fiber -shaped sun stones. Generally speaking, the quartz particles of Dongling Stone are relatively thick, and the sheets contained in it are relatively large. The sliced minerals in the sun can present a glittering sand gold effect. Under the magnifying glass, you can obviously see the thick chromium cloud mother, which is roughly arranged, and the color filter mirror is slightly brown red.
② Shi Jade: It is named after being produced in Midian County, Henan, and is a relatively dense quartz rock. Most of them are green because they contain green silk cloud mother, as well as red, black, milky white and other colors. The red person may be related to the trace gold red stones and electrical stones. The black person is related to the carbon matter and the high -price iron manganese high -priced oxides. Compared with Dongling Stone, the quartz granules are small and the structure is thinner; the cloud mother flakes are sparse, light, and there is no obvious sand gold effect.
③ Guicui: It is produced in the area area of Zonglong County, Guizhou Province. It is a fine -grained quartz rock containing green kaolin stones. The texture is thin, but the color is not as bright as Dongling Stone and dense jade. The light green with a uniform band -shaped tone is roughly observed with the naked eye.
④ Beijing white jade: It is a white quartz rock with delicate texture and luster. Because the earliest jade materials were applied from the suburbs of Beijing, they were named Beijing Baiyu. In fact, this jade material is produced in many parts of the country. It is white, the color is uniform, there is no impurities, the quartz particles are small, the particle size is generally less than 0.2mm, the texture is delicate, opaque or slightly transparent.
⑤: It is a kind of white quartz rock that appeared in the market in the past two years, which is said to be produced in Xinjiang. The beige jade is uniform white, with delicate texture, glass luster and oil luster, slightly translucent to translucent, and the quality is better than Beijing white jade.
b, hidden crystal:
① Chalcedon: The micro -cryptocrystalline quartz collection, the single body is fibrous, messy or slightly directed, and the micro -pores are often filled with water and bubbles. , Most of the output. According to the color, it can be subdivided into several varieties: white chalcedony, red chalcedony, and green chalcedony (the famous "Australian jade in the market is green chalcedony containing Ni), blue chalcedony, and black chalcedony.
② agate: chalcedony with ring or strip -shaped structure. Followed by color, rings stripes and impurities or parcels, many varieties can be subdivided: white agate, red agate, green agate, blue agate, black agate, 缟 agate, silk agate, moss agate, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water Baldin agate and so on.
③ Jasper: It is a kind of chalcedony containing more impurities, opaque, and the color is dark red, green or mixed. Named by color can be called red jasper, green jasper, etc. Sometimes it can also be named according to special patterns and stains, such as landscape jasper and blood dripsticks.
c, explain the piral quartz jade
① Wooden transformer: It is a kind of siliconized asbestos. Based on color and fiber arrangement characteristics, wood transforms are divided into three varieties, namely woody stones, tiger -eyed stones and eagle -eye stones.
② Siliconized wood: Siliconized wood is a real wooden stone. It is a fossil that is made of millions of years or earlier trees that was quickly buried underground and was explained by SIO2 in the groundwater. It retains the wooden structure and texture of the trees. The color is yellow, light yellow, yellow brown, reddish brown, gray, gray black, etc. The polished surface can be glassy, opaque or slightly transparent.
7, lapigette: Lushimite jade is mainly liquid minerals, and contains a multi -mineral collection of blue square stones, square lipsticks and pyrite, also known as "green rock".
The distribution of minerals and colors, usually divided into four varieties:
(1) Lushimite: 99%of the greenite minerals, without yellow iron ore and square decomposite, belonging to "green gold does not bring without with Gold ". The texture is pure, delicate, and the color is strong and uniform. It takes dark blue and dark blue as the best variety.
(2) Green gold: 90%or more containing green stone minerals, density of 2.38 ~ 2.45g/cm3. The small crystal of the pyrite is immersed in staining or fine -like star scattered in jade, without white spots cubes. The texture is pure and dense and delicate, and the color is strong and uniform.
(3) Jin Kelang (Jin Gelang, Jinguanglang): The tight block containing a large amount of pyrite. Generally, the content of yellow iron ore is more than the green stone, and the yellow iron ore is not scattered, but it is assembled into a group. Including the square folding white spots or white flowers, the texture is uneven. After polishing, it is like a golden turtle shell. This variety is large, which can reach 4 g/cm3.
(4) Remove stone: Lushimite minerals are mixed with Fang Ling stone, generally without pyroe ore. It is mixed with blue and white two -color. It is said that it is said that it was used as a medicine in ancient times, which can help pregnant women "give birth". It is mainly based on white square stone and laparus stone, known as "snowflakes", which is more common in my country.
8, malachite: with its bright green, beautiful strips and concentric ring -shaped patterns, delicate texture. Because its color and pattern are like peacock tail feathers, there is a beautiful name such as peacock. The varieties of malachite are divided into: ordinary malachite, malachite cat eye, green malachite, etc.
9, silicon peacock: It is a copper silicate mineral. Silicon peacock is often a stone -like or porcelain -shaped block with earth or grape -like people, but it is rare. It is also green jade, but the color is not exactly the same as the malachite. More blue tones, blue -green or sky blue, closer to turquoise. When the ingredients are more iron and manganese, brown or black can be presented. Oppony, a glass luster when siliconized, usually wax or earth -shaped luster, which is more crispy than malachite.
10, rose pyroxyl: High -quality rose pyroxin is a very beautiful mineral. It is also a jade material for making curved gems, beads and carvings. Its texture hardness looks like emerald, and the color is pink. Therefore, the jewelry industry is also called "pink", "peach blossom stone", and "peach blossom jade". Because the famous origin of Rose Pyramin in my country is in the suburbs of Beijing, it is also known as "Beijing powder". Its English Rhodonite originated from Greek "Rose".
11, diamond manganese ore (red pattern): Refers to the diamond manganese ore that can be used as jade. The color is rose red, pink, etc., which is very beautiful. Common parallel stripes composed of different chroma can also appear on the pink background color such as white, gray, yellow, or brown, and the hardness is low.
12, carbonate quality jade: refers to jade mainly consisting of Fangli Stone (CA [CO3]) or/and white cloud stone (CAMG [CO3] 2) minerals. Geological usually belongs to Dali, West Rock or Baiyun Rock. There are many variants, such as Afghan jade, Han white jade, Wen Shiyu, Lantian jade, Lingyu jade, chrysanthemum stone, etc. are carbonate jade.
13, plum blossom jade: It is a jade condensed from the magma sprayed from the volcano. During this kind of volcanic rock, a large amount of gas forms many peculiar pores in the rocks during the condensation process. These stomators are filled with a variety of minerals that are later generated, forming the so -called almond -shaped mountain rock in geological. If these "almonds" (stomachs) are filled with iron -containing agate, it is red; it is yellow -green for green curtain stone; For white or colorless transparency. When the jade material is polished, these air holes that are filled with various minerals form a "flower" like plum blossoms. There are often twists and turns between the pores. When they are filled by minerals, the "plum blossoms" branches are formed. In the background of Anshan Rock black or gray -black, it is even more beautiful and wonderful. Meihua jade is named. Because it is independent of Ruyang, Henan, it is also known as Ruyu.
14, Lilac Ziyu (Lithium Yunmu Rock): It is a jade variety consisting of a micro -scale lithium Yunmu collection (lithium Yunmu rock), which often contains a small amount of quartz and sodium long stone. It is a new variety of jade discovered in recent years. Because of the color of lilac purple, it is named, referred to as "clove purple". The colors of clove purple are rose, clove purple, purple -Roland, pale purple gray and gray. High -quality people are translucent, pearl to silk shine. The hardness of clove purple is 3 ~ 4, the density is 2.8 ~ 2.9g/cm3, and the refractive index is 1.55 ~ 1.57.
15, obsidian jade: Also known as ten wins, it is a natural glass. Main ingredients: silicon dioxide, hardness: 5, proportion: 2.339-2.527, refractive index: 1.48-1.51, water containing 1-2%, it belongs to amplifier gemstone, with shell-shaped. Obsidian may be all monochrome, or striped, or spots. Inner chilled hair crystals are the characteristics of identification. Some inside the inside obsidian non -metallic luster, while some internal bubbles or crystals produce a "snowflake" effect (that is, snowflake obsidian) or being regarded as a glittering rainbow color.
16, coal essence (Meiyu): also known as black jade, coal essence, black amber. Coal jade is a variant of brown coal. It changes from the geology of low plants and some high plants with low plants and some high plants. Temperature, brown brown, hot needle touches the smell of smoke, and small hardness.
17, Fang sodium stone: usually blue, a few are white, green, red, purple or gray. Generally, glass luster, on the explanation surface, it is oil luster. Fang sodium stone is rare in nature, and its appearance is quite similar to Lazurite. Therefore Sexual yellow iron ore parcel.
18, Wulan Cui: This color stone is named after the emerald green chromium spike grouper and produced in Ulan. The texture is hard and dense, white and green, which is very beautiful.
19, beeswax yellow jade: It is named after its color like yellow beeswax. It is a white cloud rock composed of white cloud stones. The texture is good, the color is soft and moisturized after polishing, there are obvious waxy luster, generally opaque, and the appearance is like Hetian Huangyu.
Pucting information:
The changes and baptisms of the era did not dilute the development trend of jade culture. Today, China has a significant significant jadeite, which are Xinjiang Hutchida jade, Henan Dushan jade, and Liaoning. The turquoise of Yanyu and Hubei.
The first, Hetian jade: The mineral composition of Hetian jade is mainly based on flaspite and yang stone, which is white, green, black, yellow and other different colors. The jade is translucent, and the waxy luster is polished. Hetian jade's economic value assessment is based on the purity of color and texture. The main varieties are: sheep fat, white jade, white jade, green white jade, green jade, yellow jade, sugar jade, and ink jade.
It, Dugu: Dugu's mining area is located in the "Du Mountain" in the northern suburbs of Nanyang, also known as "Nanyang Jade". Du Jade is a long stone -like jade. The texture is delicate and pure, with oil or glass luster, good polishing performance, transparent and more than three types of tones. The main varieties are: white jade, green jade, green white jade, purple jade, yellow jade, hibiscus red jade, ink jade and mixed jade.
3. Saitama: It is named after the main origin in Xiuyan County, Liaoning. The appearance is green, yellow -green, pale white, translucent, and waxy luster after polishing. The jade material used in the Shinshi Culture during the Shinshisi period is produced in the fine jade ditch in Xiuyan County. Most jade materials unearthed from the tomb of Shang Dynasty women are similar to the jade jade in Xiuyan tilegou mineral.
Fourth, turquoise: Green pine is one of the ancient jade. As early as in ancient Egypt, it was known and regarded it as a mysterious thing. It was known as "Jingzhou Stone" or "Xiangyang Dadu" in ancient times. There are blue, green and other colors with different shades, wax -like luster. Hubei is high -quality turquoise, famous at home and abroad. Its jade crafts are loved by the people and sells well in the world.
Reference materials: jade
wholesale 316l jewelry According to current information, more than 230 gems and jade minerals in the world today. The best sheep fat in Hetian jade is the best! The best glass species. This "species" refers to the degree of transparency of jade, and the more transparent the price is much more expensive, such as the glass species (the same transparency as the glass) is better than the ice species (the transparent ice has been seen. It is not very clear)
is a level high, and the worst species is generally called porcelain bottom (it can be said that there is no transparency). Of course, there is no standard fixed number. We generally rely on feelings; as for the green, oily, white -bottomed green, these are another concept, which means color species.
The English name of Jade is Jade, which is derived from the Spanish aggressor. They named the jade plundered by Mexico as Pieda Be IJade, and Ijade was the last word of the word.
The real jade is soft and hard. The usual jade refers to nephrite, and a rough jade has another popular name -emerald. Nephrite (Nephrite) is water -containing calcium magnesium silicate, with 6.5 hardness, excellent toughness, translucent to opaque, fibrous crystal collection. Jadeite (Jadeite), sodium aluminum silicate, hardness of 6.5-7, translucent to opaque, granular to fibrous sets, causing tight blocks. The two jade shapes are very similar, and the proportion of riffing (3.25-3.4) is greater than nephrite (2.9-3.1).
jade is a relatively noble type in the ore. The ancient Chinese believed that jade was the embodiment of glory and happiness, and the symbol of resolute and kindness. Some foreign scholars also regard jade as the "national stone" of China.
This China is the earliest and most widely used country in the world. There are many records in the ancient books, and the names are also very mixed, such as water jade, yuyu, Pei jade, fragrant jade, nephrite and so on. The sparkling stone nephrite jade jade unearthed from Chahai site in Fuxin City, Liaoning, is about 8,000 years (early in the early Neolithic era). It is the earliest real jade that the world knows so far. It is said that when the Huangdi princes were seized in ancient times, jade was used as a sign that they enjoyed power. In the future, many emperor jade's "Chuan Guo seal" was also made by jade. The Shang Dynasty has used Mo Yuya to convey the order of the king. In the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC -256 BC), it has begun to use jade. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the king of Zhao Guo got a very precious jade "He's". After King Qin knew, he promised to exchange it with fifteen cities. Although it was only a conspiracy, it can also be seen at the time.
Why do the ancients see jade so precious?
First of all, jade looks good and colorful. The ancient book "Said" records that the so -called jade is "the beauty of the stone". The colors of jade are grass green, green onion green, dark green, gray white, milky white, and the color is deep and soft, forming a unique warm and smooth color. Chinese people like a semi -transparent white and even yellow and white "sheep fat jade" -the Tianyu, as well as the jade with green bands in white- "moss jade in the snow".
Secondly, the ancient people were superstitious and believed that jade had the effect of preventing demon and avoiding evil. Use jade to make cups, bowls, discs and other sacrifice tools and jade bracelets, jade pupa, rings, cigarettes and other decorations.
Third, the toughness of jade is strong and can be hit by the hammer. This characteristic can not even compare diamonds. Using jade color and this advantage can be carved into exquisite crafts and decorations such as animals, flowers, plants, pavilions, and pagodas.
In 1935, a large earthquake attacked the Chinese crafts in a small craft shop in Santa Barbara's small crafts shops all fell to the ground. But what makes the owner please is that although the most valuable jade products are placed on the top of the shelf, one piece is not damaged. Obviously, jade is very tough.
The greedy jade of the Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that a tributer dedicated a large diamond stone jewelry. She was not acceptable, but instead welcome to give her a small and exquisite "Emperor" green jade product. She has a precious ring, shaped like a small cucumber, which is carved with high -quality jade. She wore jade bracelets on her wrist, and a few fingers wearing a jasper ring and a three -inch jade nail sleeve. After her death, the funeral items had a large number of jade treasures.
The largest jade in the world was mined by the sea near the U.S. California in 1971, weighing 5 tons, and was named "King of Jade". In 1977, a neate jade weighing 28 tons was found in Lake Watson, Canada. A larger jade was found in Myanmar in 1978, weighing 90 tons. However, as early as 1960, a large jade was excavated in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, my country, with a volume of 106.8m3 and wearing 267.76 tons, which was 204.05 tons more than the total weight of the three major jade abroad. Real "King of Jade".
The jade has five virtues: benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage, cleanliness.
The modern jade carving is divided into south and north. The South School is represented by Yangzhou, which is characterized by a delicate image. The North School is represented by Beijing, which is characterized by rough and momentum.
The beauty of jade is obviously different from the diamond and color gemstone. The beauty of the diamond lies in its hardness, clearness, brightness, and the beauty of color gems lies in its gorgeous gorgeous, and the beauty of jade lies in its delicateness, warmth , Mastener and elegant.
It alternative explanation: jade that is not carved. "Hanshu Western Regions Biography · Yu Yan Guo": East, Water East flow, Yan Ze, Heyuan out of Heyuan. More jade. Note: Jade, jade, also. One said that Shi Zhi is like jade. my country is rich in jade, such as white jade in Xinjiang, jadeite in Yunnan, agate in the northeast, Songshi of Hubei, the crystals of Taiwan and Hainan Island, the dense jade in Henan, the pink of Beijing, the stones of Hangzhou, and Nanjing Rainy agate, etc., are well -known jade raw materials.
It jade identification:
Pevant first, read carefully and read more monograph on ancient jade. These academic works are condensed with rich knowledge. Such as the "Ancient Jade Maps" by Wu Dazheng in the late Qing Dynasty, "Complete Works of Chinese Art: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade History" of Zhang Guangwen, Hong Kong Li Yinghao's "Identification Ancient Jade" and so on.
Secondly, it is very important to contact directly. Zhengu jade is old, heavy, soft, soft appearance, natural color, sharp knife workers, and moisturizing. Xinyu does not have these feelings. There were antique jade appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people forged chicken blood with rainbow grass. After the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more fakes. Too.
The quality of jade is generally judged from the five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, proportion and color. The texture of jade refers to the fineness and warmth of jade. One of the differences between Wang and Shi is that the jade is delicate, gentle and firm, translucent, and luster like fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lack of luster, and opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade anti -external forces (such as pressure, engraving, grinding). The higher the hardness, the greater the processing difficulty, and the better the quality of the jade. Although the jade hardness index can be learned through the instrument detection of its internal crystal structure, the operation of the scratch hardness is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in my country is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than the hardness of copper and is lower than the hardness of glass. In other words, jade can be engraved on the copper and can also be traced by the glass.
people often distinguish gems, jade, and color stones through the hardness of treasure jade. Generally speaking, the hardness of the gemstone is above 7, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emerald gems, but Opal gemstones are exceptions, and Mo's hardness is 5.5; Such as Hetian jade, Nanyang jade, emerald; low hardness jade hardness is between 4-6, such as turquoise and sailing (some snake texture jade is lower, which can be low to 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but color stone.
In addition to the hardness, there is also a hardness standard called pressure -resistant hardness, or pressure into the hardness, that is, absolute hardness. It refers to the ability of anti -external strike power, and it is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest stress hardness in nature is the black diamond, which is marked as 10 degrees, followed by Hetian jade, with the pressure resistance of 9 degrees, emerald, rubber, and sapped. Wait. In another way, Hetian jade's stress hardness is 1000, the jadeite is 500, the jade jade is 250, and the agate is only 5. Hotan jade has such high toughness, because its crystals are woven like blankets, and the force between molecules is very huge.
In practice, the jade craftsmanship usually views the jade by observing the mouth of the cricket. Generally, a small piece is cut, and the small hammer is broken. Observing the fracture, which is the glass nature as strong as the toughness. The jade with strong toughness is not easy to hit the fracture. Even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; and the glass of the glass -based jade is bright through the cross section, called "bright", similar to the shape of the shell. The jade between the toughness and the glass is usually called "poor" and "meat". Through this observation, you can also observe whether the jade has the characteristics of the jade. If there is a crack or a crack, the jade will be disconnected in the direction of the explanation or crack when knocking.
This, it can be seen that Hetian jade with excellent toughness, Hetian jade, is very plastic during processing. Among the treasure jade of the same Mo's hardness or higher than its Mo's hardness, Hetian jade is , The Yinjian line will never start up the collapse, so its texture is fine, warm and moist. Of course, toughness and hardness are also affected by jade impurities, and the impurities can also be understood by determining tough hardness. ——This is a relatively large factors that determine the use of a piece of jade. For example, the magazine of Yushanzi and utensils for making jade is not very strict, but as jewelry accessories, jade is required to be pure and uniform.
The hardness of jade is one of the important basis for identifying jade, and the luster of the treasure jade is also the basic criterion for identifying the authenticity of the treasure jade and the level of grade.
In general, the luster of treasure jade can be simply classified as "Chan Guang", "Burning Light", "Flash" and "Light" in terms of light. Chan Guang is the strongest lightness. People must narrow their eyes. For example, the full reflection surface of the grinding diamond has such lightness; Generally, there is a splattered brightness; flash is the degree of light of general glass. It is divided into strong flash and weak flashes. Jade with high hardness is generally strong flash, and jade with low hardness is weak flash. The light of light.
In addition to the degree of light, gloss is also one of the identification characteristics of treasure jade. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic gloss, the refractive index is between 2.6-3, such as needle iron ore; diamond luster, the refractive index is between 1.9-2.6 For example, emerald; oil luster, animal -like oil, the most famous is the sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade. Each specific treasure jade has a specific refractive index, which is difficult to replace the substance in various conditions such as hardness, density, refractive index, and brightness. Therefore, through these standards of identification, it can be possible Confirm the identity and preliminary value of a piece of treasure.
At present, there have been pseudo jade synthesized by jade powder through artificial high -pressure synthesis. The colors and hardness are similar to Hetian jade. You must be careful when identifying. Zhengu jade includes Tuqin, limestone, water and silver Qin, corpse blood Qin, cinnabar Qin, copper Qin, surface oxidation layer, etc. Some of the pupae are fried, some are roasted, and some are eroded with chemical potion. of. It is important to find out the differences and differences between real products and crickets in terms of color, luster, thickness and other aspects. The carved lines on the surface of the jade articles are different, including V -shaped, semi -circular, and U -shaped. U -shaped is an important feature of modern machine processing. The carved lines and surface skin are bright, which is unanimous in terms of colors and pulp; the phenomenon of limel collapse on both sides of the line grooves is the characteristics of modern "machinery".
This of Bingqing Yujie Talk
In our country, jade has a long history and unique meaning. From ancient times to the present, people have made everything beautiful. It can be said that the development of jade culture and the development of Chinese civilization have formed an inextricable bond.
The beauty of ancient jade lies in the natural beauty of its material, but also the beauty of its shape, the beauty of carving, and the beauty of inner containing. The implication of human beauty has made Yu surpass the natural attributes of his "mountain elite". In the feudal society, Yuxi has become a symbol of power, synonymous with politics, and history has given it a super material consciousness.
"Zhou Li · Grand Bo" records: During the Zhou Dynasty, people made the jade as six instruments to the four parties of the heavens and the earth. There are also ancient people who governed the country by Anbang. "Said the text" says that jade has "five virtues": moisturizing to warm, benevolence also; ; Folding and not scratching, bravery; flaws are suitable, fine; Tibetan gloss and can not meet the tomb, to show; Confucius said that jade has "ten virtues": gentleman is better than jade, gentle and moist, benevolent; integrity but not stubborn, righteousness; However, Dongye is also; the flaws do not hide the Yu, the jade does not hide the flaws, loyalty; Fu Yin's side, Xinye is like returning to the rainbow, heaven, the spirit runs through the mountains, the earth also; Tao also.
Confucius is the founder of Confucian academics, and traditional Chinese culture is formed by interpreting development with Confucian culture as the main body. Since ancient times, the Confucian people have complied with the traditional concepts such as "gentleman Bide to jade" and "gentleman jade for no reason".
The development of Chinese jade culture is always with Chinese civilization. In 1949, the design draft of the New China national emblem was the design draft provided by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin with the jade crickets as the main pattern, with the gear and wheat ears. In the past two decades, people's admiration and love for jade articles surpassed any historical period in the past.
In order to make people more comprehensively understand the development of Chinese jade culture and meet the needs of collectors, on April 16, 2007, the Chinese Cultural Relics Society launched 10 "Chinese famous jade" to restore the items. Liangzhu and Hongshan Culture continued until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, including jade, jade dragon, jade pig dragon, jade jade, jade, jade, double earrings, out -of -halberd dragon bottle, four -legged Fang Ding, And jade seal and so on. Each jade was the most representative work at the time, and it best represented the aesthetic taste of the society at that time. The jade was exquisite and exquisite in craftsmanship. Many jade articles met the world for the first time in a physical form. The emerald distribution center, Yunnan Province, took the lead in formulating the local standards of "Emerald Grade" to make a more scientific regulations for evaluating the quality indicators of Emerald, which is a meaningful thing for the development of the industry. The formulation of the standard of "Emerald" enables people's perception of jadeite and even the quality of jade, and has an overall principle and method. In the standard, the concept of "species" of jadeite is set as "texture", and its content is usually focused on professionalism and theory. From the perspective of guests, we will introduce our experience and some information to the majority of consumers.
1, the old pit species emerald
is commonly known as the "old pit glass species", usually with a glass luster, its texture is delicate, pure and flawed, and the color is pure, bright, rich, uniform emerald green; The transgence structure of the kind of jadeite fiber is mainly used, and the hard main grains are very fine. Therefore, it is difficult to see "emerald" with the naked eye; Products or best. At the previous jewelry auction or trading, its price has repeatedly reached high.
2, ice species emerald
The texture is similar to the old pit species, colorless or less color, the characteristics of ice species are characterized on the outer surface, translucent to transparent The feeling of people with Bingqing Yuying. If there is a fluffy or intermittent pulse -shaped blue color in the ice type jadeite, it is called "blue flower ice" such as "blue flower ice", which is a common variety in ice emerald. Ice jade materials often make bracelets or pendants. The value of colorless ice emeralds and "blue flower ice" jadeite value is not significantly different. The actual price mainly depends on people's preferences. In the market, a good ice bracelet is usually worth tens of thousands of yuan. Ice species are emeralds in mid -ups and upper or middle grades.
3, water species emerald
. The structure of its jade is slightly thicker than the old pit glass species, and the gloss and transparency are slightly lower than the old pit glass species and are similar to the ice species. It is characterized by transparent as water but soft luster. Looking at its internal structure in detail, it can be seen that a little reflects the ripples, or there are a small amount of dark cracks and stone patterns. Occasionally, there are very few impurities and cotton willow. Some experts say that the aquatic emerald is a pale or colorless old pit jadeite. It is a variety in the middle and upper stalls in jadeite.
The common cases of water -type emerald: colorless called "water"; with light, uniform green, which is called "green water"; with uniform, light blue, it is called "Blue Blue "Water"; shallow and uniform purple, called "purple water". The prices in the market are on water and purple water, while green and blue water are second.
4, violet emerald
This is a purple jadeite like violet flowers. The jewelry industry also refers to violets as "Tsubaka" or "spring". The emeralds with "general color" have high, medium, and low grades. It is not as long as it is violet, it is certainly valuable. It is also a comprehensive evaluation of quality indicators such as texture, transparency, and process production level.
The purple on the emerald is generally not deep. According to the different shades of purple color tone, the jadeite world is divided into pink purple, eggplant purple, and blue purple. The second, blue purple again.
The purple emerald will look deeper in the yellow light, so it is better to watch in the natural light, and consumers should pay attention to this. For the evaluation of this variety, it is better to be transparent, the structure is delicate and flawless, and the pink purple is better.
5, white base green emerald
The characteristics of the white background are the white ascetic as frost. The green is very bright on the white base and the white green is clear. The jadeite of this variety is very easy to identify. The green is distributed on the white bottom, and the transparency is poor, which is opaque or slightly transparent. (30-40 times zoomed in) Frequent holes or uneven structures on the surface. This variety is mostly mid -range emeralds. A few green and white, green and green, good color, good color, and very coordinated color base, which can be attributed to high -end varieties.
6, anthocyan jade
color (emerald green) is vein -like, extremely irregular; the texture is thick and thin, translucent. Its background is light green or other colors, such as light gray or bean -green, and its structure is mainly fiber and fine -granular structure. The characteristics of anthocyan jadeite are uneven green, some are dense, some are relatively sparse, and the color is deep and shallow. There is also a structure in anthocyan emerald that is only granular, and the water feel is insufficient. Because of its rough structure, the transparency is often poor. Green is a middle or low -grade emerald.
7, red emerald
The jadeite with bright red or orange red, it is easy to see in the market. The color of the red jade was formed after the production of a ligaine crystal, which was caused by the immersion of red iron ore. The color of red emerald is often bright red or dark red. The good red jade color is good, with glass luster, and its transparency is semi -transparent. Red emerald products are often mid -range or low -end products, but there are high -end red emerald color, delicate texture, and very beautiful. They are loved by people, with Jiqing color and emerald.
8, yellow brown jade
The color of the color from yellow to brown -yellow or brown yellow, this series of colors of jadeite products can be seen everywhere in the market. Their colors are also formed after the generation of lithium crystals, which is often distributed on the red layer, which is caused by brown iron ore immersed. In the market, the value of red jade is higher than that of yellow emeralds, and yellow jade is higher than brown and yellow emeralds, and the price of brown yellow emeralds is second. However, there are situations that make their prices different from conventional because of their love and unique characteristics.
9, bean species emerald
referred to as bean species, which is a very common variety in the emerald family. Its name is very vivid; most of the crystal particles of bean species are mostly short -columnar, like granular beans arranged inside the emerald, and can clearly see the split interface of these crystals with the naked eye. Because the grains are rough, the appearance of the jade parts is inevitable, and its luster and transparency are often poor. The emerald business community calls it "dry water". Beans are medium and low -grade species in emerald, and the price is not high. Bean species can be subdivided into rude beans (grains greater than 3mm), beans (less than 3mm grains), jelly beans and ice beans.
The old business community said that jadeite has "thirty -six water and seventy -two beans", which refers to the variety of emeralds, not as many as the bean emerald.
10, hibiscus emerald
It referred to as the hibiscus species. This variety of jadeite is generally pale green and does not contain yellow tone. It is clear, pure, and sometimes pink. Its texture is thinner than beans, and the granular structure inside the emerald can be observed on a 10 -fold large mirror, but the boundary of the cashmere crystal particles is very vague. Halfly transparent; although the color is not strong, it is very elegant, although not enough, but not dry, very durable, belongs to the middle or middle range, which is slightly more thanked. The price is suitable in the market. Love, it can be regarded as a low -quality variety.
11, horse teeth emerald
The texture is thinner, but it is opaque, and the surface luster is like a porcelain. Most of the jadeite emeralds are green, and carefully observe the blue white white. There is often a hint of white strips in the green. Sometimes it can be seen in the white cotton or dark green spots. The value of horse teeth is not high in today's market, belonging to the middle stall. Most of the jade pieces in the market are plate fingers, cigarettes and cigarette pots.
12, ravioli species of jadeite
This texture is delicate like a lotus powder, and the color is light powder purple -red (light spring), which is a good handicraft raw material. The structure of the pouring powder is similar to the hibiscus species. Observation is observed under 10 times the large mirror. You can see the cashmere grain, but the hibiscus is thinner, and the grain interface is very vague. It is characterized by: the jade parts are as fine as the powder, and the light pink purple red is often coexisting with the green, forming a coordinated combination. Many emerald large pieces are commonly used for carving.
13, wide film
The characteristic is that the green is dark or dark, the texture is thick, and the water head is dry. The emerald of this variety is high green under the transmission light, and the reflection light is dark green. After cutting it into a thin piece, it is green and beautiful. It has prevailed in the southern my country, especially Guangdong and Guangzhou, so it is named. It is now precise, "Guangshi" is a method of processing jadeite slice. Its purpose is to cleverly apply the relationship between thickness and color and transparency when processing transparency and dark green jade jade material. When a thin piece of about 1mm in Chengdu, the dark color in the jadeite color was significantly weakened or even disappeared, and the green became prominent and strong, and the transparency was greatly improved. After the good -wide chip is wrapped in precious metals such as platinum, white K gold, it looks noble and not tacky, and is expensive in the market. At present, Guangqi is often used to make jewelry such as tags, chest pendants, and is favored by consumers such as white -collar stages.
14, Cuili seed jade
This is a kind of jadeite with good texture and color, which belongs to the middle and high -grade jade in the market. The jadeite is very tough, and the green is silk -shaped, tendon -shaped in parallel. There is a view that will be collectively referred to as green silk on the shallow bottom (middle) green and silk -shaped emerald. The author feels inappropriate. Those with silk -shaped green colors are not necessarily green, and the jadeite emerald should have two characteristics at the same time: first, the green is bright, the color is in a strip -shaped, and the silk is arranged in a smooth line, the silk -shaped silk is on the shallow bottom bottom. Among them, the orientation structure is very developed, and the rough jade crystals are tilted with fiber -shaped orientation, indicating that it is subject to strong stress during the growth process, so the toughness of jade pieces is high.
Thisy jadeite is better with green, thick, thick, and strip area. On the contrary, the quality of the jade parts with sparsely falling, the quality of the jade parts is lower, and the price is much cheaper.
It in the past books, the color (green or yellow) is arranged in parallel, and the emerald with orientation is called "golden silk species". The separation of silk and "Cui Si" will be more clear, which is more conducive to the recognition, distinction and appreciation of varieties. If there is a parallel green, yellow filament or tendon in a piece of jade, it can be called the "golden crust" — emerald with golden silk and green silk.
15, golden silk species
In the shallow bottom containing yellow, orange -yellow, color -shaped, filament -shaped parallel arrangement, and obvious directional structure development Other features are the same as the crusts species.
16, oily green jade
referred to as oily green or oily immersion. It is a mid -to -low -grade emerald everywhere in the market. It is often used to make pendants and bracelets. The green seeds are obviously impure, with gray and blue ingredients, so they are dull and not bright enough. The crystal structure is mostly fibrous, which is more delicate. Its transparency is acceptable, and even has better transparency. If its color is darker, it is also called "melon oil green" in the emerald world.
17, Bashan Jade
"Bashan Jade" is produced in the Sima area northern Myanmar. The rough has poor transparency and rich colors. Low, special emerald containing mines such as flashes and sodium stones. Due to the large impurities of Bashan jade rough, thick structure, and poor water head, it must be manually processed to make decorations. Bashan jade in the market is actually an emerald B goods obtained by acid washing.
The variety after manual treatment, the color is bright and transparent, and it is called "Xinyu". It is the most popular emerald B goods in these years.巴山玉有四大特点：色多、黑色多且块大，一件饰品上常兼有绿、紫、白色；粒粗，结构疏松，撞击时声音发闷；硬度低，巴山玉的硬度常常为6, and the hardness of most emerald varieties is between 6.5-7; the weight is light, that is, the density is small, and the density of Bashan jade is less than 3.32g/cm3. However, the processed Bashan jade does have good ornamental and practical value. Because of the low price, it is more suitable for young women with low income. It should be pointed out that the structure of the Bashan jade is damaged and durable, so there is no possibility of collection value and value preservation.
18, dry white seed jade
is a white or light gray white emerald with thick texture and poor transparency. This variety is colorless or light. Based on the naked eye, the boundary between grains can be seen. Therefore, the appearance structure is rough, and the value of use and ornamental is low. It is a low -grade emerald variety.
19, Mo Cui
This is shiny at first glance, it is easy to make people mistakenly believe that it is ink jade or other black treasure jade in Hetian jade, but observed in transmitted light, it is mostly translucent Slip, and black in black. The Burmese uses "the shadow of the lover" to describe the black jade jade, and the Chinese name it "Black Cui". Mo Cui usually cannot be counted as high -end emerald, but when it is made into a jewelry with a special meaning, it is not low when the price is made with "Zhong Rong drives evil" made of Mo Cui, but the price is not low.
20, Tielongsheng
is a mid -range emerald with bright green, but the color tone is different, poorly transparent, loose structure, and columnar crystals arranged in a certain direction, which can often be seen in the market. "Tielongsheng" is taken from Myanmar's voice, and the Burmese "Iron Dragon Sheng" means full green. An emerald expert in Hong Kong in my country transliterate it as "Tianlong Sheng" to make it noble and lovely. Therefore, "Tielongsheng" is also called "Tianlongsheng" in some places.
Due to rough texture and poor transparency, the price of "iron dragon" is not high in the market; and because of good color and bright green, it is deeply welcomed by consumers. "Iron Dragon Sheng" is used to make pendants such as thin leaves, thin water butterflies, and the effect is better. It also uses green jade pieces such as carved beads and carved bracelets. Because "Iron Dragon Sheng" is rich in green, the decoration made of thin slices has high ornamental and use value, such as a thin chest flower, pendant inlaid with platinum, iron dragon raw jewelry embedded in gold, golden jade phase Line, rich and generous, very popular.
21, dry green varieties
The characteristics are yellow -green, dark green to dark green, black spots, often cracks, opaque, seemingly dry, referred to as dry green species. The mineral components of dry green species are mainly sodium chromatoplasty, and also contain mineral ingredients such as hard jade. Before the 1990s, people have been listed as a variety in the jadeite family. After the 1990s, experts and scholars in the jewelry and geological circles repeatedly demonstrated and discussed that the dried green species should no longer be called emerald, but should be determined as a jade species closely related to jadeite. The value of dry green species is average, and it is commonly used to make ornaments or pendants. Because people have long regarded it as a "special emerald" for a long time, it is listed as a special case.
The above briefly introduced the situation of 21 jadeite varieties commonly common in the market. Of course, in the family of jadeite, there are other varieties, which are not described one by one in the market.
of course, it is glass species, and ice seeds are better. In particular, it is important to emphasize that the current merchants are often called ice species as long as they are a bit transparent. It is really unscrupulous. You need to pay attention to identification.
solid gold jewelry wholesale in usa From the perspective of Western gem culture, there are two types of jade and hardness. The jade is usually refers to nephrite. It is one of the most common jewelry.
Reluctile jade: Also known as horn flashes, the hardness is Mohs 6-6.5, and the proportion is 2.55-2.65. The main component is the fiber mineral of calcium silicate. The origin of nephrite is the most famous in China and the region. The color of the nephrite is closer to the grease of grease, pure and white, delicate and moist. Secondly, nephrite contains a small amount of oxidized metal ions to present green, green, and yellow.
This: commonly known as emerald, it belongs to pyroxyl, the main ingredient is siliconic acid aluminum, the hardness is Mo's 6.75-7, and the proportion of 3.2--3.3. It is mostly produced in Myanmar, and it is also produced in Yunnan, China. The hard jade texture is hard, with high density and glass luster. Emerald green, pale purple, apple green, and snowflake white are typical colors of pyroxyl.
extension information:
Color: green is the best. The best green emerald is Zhengyang green (refers to fresh green green).
2. Type: The best emerald is "glass species", also known as "spiritual jadeite". The degree of transparency is very high.
3. The pit is generally better than the new pit. The seed material is better than the mountain material and the half -mountain material.
4. The larger the size, the better. The current large jadeite is rare.
Thetest jade standard
1. The best white, sheep fat jade is the best. There are also good products in other colors. Huang Yuzi is good, and the Mo Yumo is so good. The jade color is transparent.
2. Types: Hetian jade is the best, and other jade species also have good products.
3. History: Guyu is the best. Regarding the division of ancient jade, some people think that the jade in the Republic of China is ancient jade, and some people think that the jade before the Han Dynasty was ancient jade. Contempt: It is better to divide the jade before the Ming Dynasty as ancient jade.
4. Carving: Reversed Jade Jade Jade, nephrite pays more attention to carving.
jade — Baidu Encyclopedia
recycled paper jewelry boxes wholesale Jade is divided into nephrite and hard jade. Rate jade mainly refers to jade with low hardness such as Hetian jade and sauce. The "species" you said is a term often said in jadeite. The species refers to its transparency. The more transparent the emerald score, the best is the glass species.
aztec wholesale jewelry Divided into hard jade. The difference between hard jade and nephrite
Blip according to the theory of modern geology, jade is divided into two types: "hard jade" and "nephrite". China Nonferrous Network.
"hard jade" specifically refers to emerald, belongs to pyroxyl, with dense texture, glass luster, and the jade is faintly crystal structure. China Nonferrous Network. Its Mo's hardness is 7, the hardness is high, and the proportion is 3.33. Yajun has a heavy feeling in his hand.
"Steel Jade" is a hornystone. The highest hardness of Mohs is generally not more than 6-6.5, which is softer. China Nonferrous Network. There are many types of nephrite jade. Saitama, Nanyang Jade, Lantian jade, Hetian jade, agate, crystal, coral, turquoise, green stone, etc., all belong to the category of nephrite. China Nonferrous Network. Later, due to the opening of the Silk Road, the jade produced by Xinjiang Hetian area was unanimously recognized. In the court, official and folk jade processing, it gradually became the protagonist, and the nephrite gradually evolved into a synonymous Hetian jade. Hetian jade has flowed into the Central Plains very early, but after a large number of jade flowing into the Central Plains or the opening of the Silk Road, because the jade is rich in color, warmth, delicate and beautiful, we are deeply avoided by people. The ancient people's life "jade has five virtues", which is used to learn from people. The gentleman has no reason, and the jade does not go.
The hardness of Hetian jade is 6-6.5, and the proportion is 2.963.17. Due to the different ingredients of Hetian jade, Hetian jade is divided into white jade, green jade, jasper, ink jade, yellow jade in color. Among them The second is sheep fat and white jade (named for its warm and white as sheep fat), and the number of Mo Yu is very small. China Nonferrous Network. The jade is the largest jade in Hetian jade, and it is also the lowest quality and price of jade.
It far from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, China has the jade processing industry. So far, it has been stretched for thousands of years. Due to the limited mineral collection of Hetian jade, it is rarely produced at present. Bad merchants use Qinghai Baiyu and Russian white jade to impersonate Hetian jade jade to make huge profits.
For jade enthusiasts, it is clear that the type of jade is the first step and the most critical step for collecting jade. Receive your favorite jade.
Emerald; Hetian jade in Xinjiang (sheep fat, yellow jade, sugar white jade, ink jade, jasper, green jade, etc.). Nanyang's Dushan Jade (also known as Nanyang Cuiyu) and Xiuyan jade in the northeast (also known as Snakewhaya). Huang Longyu (also known as yellow wax stone). Dongling jade. Lantian jade. The jadeite in the glass and the sheep fat jade in Xinjiang are the most valuable. As long as you like it, it is valuable.